Referencing handbook brighton

So, while you may see that there are variations of Harvard referencing regarding punctuation, use of italics and underlining etc, if your lecturer can track down your sources with ease you will not have too much to worry about.

This is a crucial skill to learn. A precise source reference will enable the reader to locate the material referred to easily and is the hallmark of good quality work. You need to include the minimum essential units of information that will directly link the reader to the full bibliographic details in your reference section.

It should be organised in such a way that it causes the least amount of disruption to the readers understanding of your sentence. Usually this means that in-text citations are positioned at the very end or the start of sentences.

When you use this authors material in your own work you need only include the authors surname and date of publication - Bloisi, - as this will take the reader directly to the work which will be arranged alphabetically by author surname in the reference section. For example, you might write in your work: Bloisi comments that human resource management is an essential aspect of successful business.

Sometimes called author-prominent referencing or Human resource management is an essential aspect of successful business Bloisi, Sometimes called information prominent-referencing. You do not need to include the title of the work, or its publisher, or the authors initial when you are citing within the text.

So, remember, you need the smallest amount of essential information. When citing in the text you need only include page numbers when you make a direct quote. For example: 1.

This would appear as: The costs of staff turnover can be significant both financially and also in terms of the impact on an organisations reputation and internal morale Lanigan, , pp 1. Barry , p3 observes of the modern, technology-driven world We live in a technological societyto the extent that specific technologies dominate our sense of the kinds of problems that government and politics must address, and the solutions that we must adopt. A technological society is one which takes technical change to be the model for political invention.

However, we can also include here direct access to senior management, quality circles and suggestion schemes as ways in which some organisations have tried to provide channels to encourage employees to make their individual grievances known or to draw on the innovative and entrepreneurial skills of their workforce.

When using quotations you need to integrate them as well as you can into your text. Furthermore, you need to take care that you are absolutely accurate in how you reproduce the words. You must keep to the authors spelling, punctuation, grammar and choice of vocabulary. If there is an error of spelling or other oddity in the original text the word [sicshould be inserted immediately after in square brackets to indicate that this is how it appears in the original. For example This in death [sic] research showed Student meant to write in depth 1.

They are also useful when you need to construct an argument for or against an idea expressed. Used in this way quotations are an excellent way of underpinning your own work. If you cite the Bible or Shakespeare doesnt often happen in the Business School or, if an idea can be considered to be in the public domain, then a reference may not be required. However, take care. At undergraduate level you will not be penalised for over-referencing work you have read and the academic convention of supporting your work with well sourced references is one you must grasp and master.

Remember that we are looking for evidence that you have understood the texts that you have read. This means that you must learn to paraphrase and summarize the ideas, information and theories of the published authors obviously with correct references. Clearly not all texts are written by a single author and, as well as journals and books, you will need to make use of conference proceedings, electronic publications, official government publications as well as other forms of publication.

In every case you will need to find the minimum, essential units of information that will make a clear link to the full bibliographic details in your reference section. Below, therefore, we give examples of standard Harvard referencing practice for the various types of publications you will more commonly use in your research at University 5.

In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Jones demonstrates the relevance of key areas References Jones, L. Oxford: Oxford University Press Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surname, Initial. Harlow:Pearson Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surnames, Initials. Edition, Place:Publisher list author names in the order they appear on the title page.

In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text. Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surname, Initial.

More than three authors of one work Note: et al. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Brewster et al. Authors of two different works Note: The references in brackets are in alphabetical order.

In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text According to a number of surveys Holbeche, , Jay, , the main reasons people leave a job include References Holbeche, L. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Jay, D. London: Financial Times Pitman Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surname, Initial.

An author with more than one cited publication in the same year Note: Distinguish these by adding lower case letters a, b, c, etc. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Arnold a proposed that It has been argued by Arnold b that Reference Arnold, G.

London: Financial Times Arnold, G. New York: Financial Times Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear. Author surname, Initial. Best practice is to cite from the original source. However, this is not always possible especially when students are directed to introductory text books which survey a large body of knowledge.

In these instances it is incumbent upon you to ensure that the reader knows you discovered the material from a secondary source. References Huczynski, A. References Puigjaner, L. Chichester: Wiley Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surname, Initial. Place: Publisher list editors names in the order they appear on the title page 9.

Tourism and development processes in Central and Eastern Europe, in D Hall ed Tourism and Transition: governance, transformation and development. Oxfordshire: Cabi Publishing, pp Shukla, P. Athens: Atiner, pp Editors initial precedes the surname as the persons name is irrelevant when arranging the reference list alphabetically. Note too, that only the book title is italicized not the chapter title.

Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surname, initial. Place of publication: Publisher, pages of chapter. Encyclopaedia or dictionary Note that you need to arrange this work by O for Oxford not T for the when you complete your reference section and that title is used as Author. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text The Oxford English Dictionary defined it as References The Oxford English Dictionary.

Journals - article reference Note: even if you retrieve a journal article electronically using the online library and its databases, Emerald or Business Source Premier, for example , this does not mean that the article is an ejournal article.

It simply means that you have gained access to a print journal via an online database. You need to be clear about this. Any journal that is published in print format does not need online details in the reference section. Encouraging employment past 65 in England and the USA.

Journal of Social Policy. Date Article title, Journal Title. Please avoid doing this. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Research by Taylor shows a clear correlation between References Taylor, T. HEIR Conference. June , University of Kingston Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author surname, initial.

Conference Name, Date of conference, Location of conference, Place of publication: 2. References Bradshaw, T. Financial Times. July 19, , p17 Bibliographic order this is the order in which each detail must appear Author, date Title of article, Title of Newspaper. Many pieces of work are not the responsibility of one individual as they are produced by an organization. This is known as a corporate author. In such instances the organization should be listed as the author.

Place, Publisher 2. Place, Publisher. Lecture notes or in-house publications Note: provide the best details that you can. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Harris highlighted the References Harris, C. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Oakley pointed out References Oakley, P. Figures tables graphs- diagrams Note: figures, tables, graphs and diagrams must always be numbered and labelled.

They must also be included in your contents page. For example, if you were to include a figure you had accessed from the MBA Handbook: Study Skills for Postgraduate Management Study, you would need to number the figure and, below the figure, give its source or, state that it was adapted from plus the source. For example: Figure 1: Relevance tree. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Relevance trees, such as figure 1 above Cameron, , p show References Cameron, S.

In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Relevance trees, such as figure 1 above Cameron, , p show… References Cameron, S. It is, therefore, particularly important that you read the following section carefully. Remember that the same principle applies to electronic sources as apply to paper based sources.

The reader must be able to track back to your source. Because it it only available online you must include the URL address as shown below.

CDRom or Online, and this will appear in [square brackets]. Search engines are not valid sources In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text According to Hammersley and Gomm … References Hammersley, M. Org [ Online], Vol 5 Issue 3 , p. The same applies to Altavista and Ask Jeeves etc. What is going wrong? It would look like this: see next page Perio d s Source: Council of Mortgage Lenders, s H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 H1 H2 28, 58, 73, 89, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1,, Note: figures, tables, graphs and diagrams must always be numbered and sourced.

They must also be included in your contents page 0. In-text citation sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text Berry suggested that… References Berry, A. Business education in Sussex.

Bibliographic order — this is the order in which each detail must appear Author, Year. Subject line from email posting. Title of Conference Proceedings.

Government publications which are presented to Parliament are known as Command Papers. Most Command Papers are published in a numbered series. They can include State Papers; White Papers; Green Papers; government consultation documents; some government responses to Select Committee reports; Reports of Royal Commissions and some other Committees of Inquiry and, statistics and annual reports of some government bodies.

Place of publication: Publisher. Books, journals and internet publications do not have separate lists. Consistency and accuracy are very important. Where an author has published more than one work, list the oldest work first. The reference section must list every author to whom you have referred in your own work.

Higher Education Act The Data Protection Act Title of Act and date. Chapter number, Place of publication: Publisher Putting all this together, the reference section for the examples used in this guide would appear as follows.

Act of Parliament, Great Britain Parliament. Political Science Quarterly, [Online] 42 6. Org [Online], V. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Holscher, J. Oxford: Clarendon Puigjaner, L. Chichester: Wiley Roberts, L. Oxfordshire: Cabi Publishing, pp Schofield, J. Athens: Atiner, pp Slack, N. If you are unable to track down a date you should use the abbreviation n. Peer reviewed This means that a journal article has been reviewed by other respected academics in the field.

Bibliographic order This is the order in which each detail of the source must appear. It can be abbreviated to c, for example, when you are uncertain of the exact date. Cite This means to quote or refer to.

Corporate author Many pieces of work are not the responsibility of one individual as they are produced by an organization. Ellipsis If you omit any part of a quotation you should use an ellipsis which is 3 dots… et al. Brighton Business School Referencing Handbook. Business School Referencing Guidelines. Business School Referencing Guide. Brighton Business School 2. Business School Referencing Guidelines 1. Farmer Business School Handbook. Postgraduate Business School Handbook.

Popular book items. Brighton Business School Referencing Handbook. Editor: Tracey Taylor 2 Examples: journals, books, newspapers, printed materials. Use this guide to source reference correctly in all your work in all your modules. Add to My Bookmarks Export University of Brighton Postgraduate Certificate providing ongoing information on assessments, referencing, student support and other topics that 2.

A critical understanding of the organisational and policy context and the drivers for change. Chapters in edited books.