Web dynpro abap from help.sap.com pdf

JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only.

National product specifications may vary. These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies "SAP Group" for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials.

The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. These include field names, screen titles, pushbuttons labels, menu names, menu paths, and menu options.

Cross-references to other documentation. Example text Emphasized words or phrases in body text, graphic titles, and table titles. Example text Output on the screen. This includes file and directory names and their paths, messages, names of variables and parameters, source text, and names of installation, upgrade and database tools.

Example text Exact user entry. These are words or characters that you enter in the system exactly as they appear in the documentation. Angle brackets indicate that you replace these words and characters with appropriate entries to make entries in the system. The view contains several input fields, a button which triggers a search event and a table, in which the result list from the search is displayed.

Therefore, we strongly recommend, that you first thoroughly work through Tutorial 1 before you start Tutorial 2. A t tachments 0 Page History. Jira links. Created by Anonymous on Dec 03, Scenario 2: Another very common requirement is to display description next to the input box with search help, for the code selected in the input box. Solution Let us see how simple it is to implement the above mentioned scenarios with Search Help attachments!

Scenario 1: Step1: Since we have two different tables for category and sub-category, we would create two search helps. Next, attach the search helps created in Step 1 to this structure in the following way: Okay so the search helps have been attached to the structure. Unknown User ycwp Hi Chitrali, This is very useful blog. It help me to complete my work quickly and easily.

Regards, Vikram. Permalink Dec 24, Your program becomes easier to maintain as changes to functions often only have to be implemented in the subroutine.

We can only use a macro within a program in which it is defined. Macro definition should occur before the macro is used in the program. Macros are designed based on placeholders. Placeholder works like pointers in C language.

It is necessary to define a macro first before invoking it. The maximum number of placeholders in a macro definition is nine. We may invoke a macro within another macro, but not the same macro. Example Go to transaction SE We have 3 checkboxes. Function modules are sub-programs that contain a set of reusable statements with importing and exporting parameters. Unlike Include programs, function modules can be executed independently.

The function group acts as a kind of container for a number of function modules that would logically belong together.

For instance, the function modules for an HR payroll system would be put together into a function group. To look at how to create function modules, the function builder must be explored. You can find the function builder with transaction code SE Just type a part of a function module name with a wild card character to demonstrate the way function modules can be searched for.

The results of the search will be displayed in a new window. The function modules are displayed in the lines with blue background and their function groups in pink lines. You can see a list of function modules and also other objects held in the function group.

This function module converts numeric figures into words. Step 2: Enter some code so that a parameter can be set up where a value could be entered and passed on to the function module. Step 4: Some code is generated automatically. Here, a new variable must be set up to hold the value returned from the function module.

Let's call this as 'result'. Write: 'Amount in words is:', result-word. Enter a value as shown in the following screenshot and press F8. They allow you to use the same source code in different programs. Include programs also allow you to manage complex programs in an orderly way.

You may also nest include programs. Step 6: Save, activate and execute the program. They are then transferred to the database system and executed. The central database of AS ABAP is accessed by default and also access to other databases is possible via secondary database connections. Whenever any of these statements are used in an ABAP program, it is important to check whether the action executed has been successful.

If one tries to insert a record into a database table and it is not inserted correctly, it is very essential to know so that the appropriate action can be taken in the program. When a statement is executed successfully, the SY-SUBRC field will contain a value of 0, so this can be checked for and one can continue with the program if it appears. The DATA statement is used to declare a work area.

Rather than declaring one data type for this, several fields that make up the table can be declared. The easiest way to do this is using the LIKE statement. This work area can only store one record. Once it has been declared, the INSERT statement can be used to insert the work area and the record it holds into the table. The work area has to be filled with some data. This can be done by forward navigation, double clicking the table name in the code or by opening a new session and using the transaction SE The fields of the table can then be copied and pasted into the ABAP editor.

It means that if the record is inserted correctly, the system will state this. Check the program, save, activate the code, and then test it. The output window should display as 'Record Inserted Successfully'. CLEAR statement is generally used in programs and it allows existing fields to be used many times. If we want to insert a new record, CLEAR statement must be used so that it can then be filled again with the new data.

Similar to INSERT statement, a work area is declared, filled with the new data that is then put into the record as the program is executed. It can be used to either insert a new record or modify an existing record. It follows a similar syntax to the previous two statements in modifying the record from the data entered into a work area.

If a record with these key field values already exist, it will be updated. If not, then a new record will be created. In this example, CLEAR statement is used so that a new entry can be put into the work area, and then customer number is added. Since this is a new, unique key field value, a new record will be inserted, and another validation check is executed.

When this is executed and the data is viewed in the Data Browser, a new record will have been created for the customer number RALPH. These are transferred unchanged from the native SQL interface to a database system and executed. The syntax rules are specified by the database system, especially the case sensitivity rules for database objects.

These statements are not passed directly from the Native SQL interface to the database, but they are transformed appropriately. You can also view the data contained in this database table by using these two transactions. An internal table exists only during the run-time of a SAP program. They are used to process large volumes of data by using ABAP language.

We need to declare an internal table in an ABAP program when you need to retrieve data from database tables. Data in an internal table is stored in rows and columns. Each row is called a line and each column is called a field. In an internal table, all the records have the same structure and key.

The individual records of an internal table are accessed with an index or a key. As internal table exists till the associated program is being executed, the records of the internal table are discarded when the execution of the program is terminated. So internal tables can be used as temporary storage areas or temporary buffers where data can be modified as required. These tables occupy memory only at run-time and not at the time of their declaration.

Internal tables only exist when a program is running, so when the code is written, the internal table must be structured in such a way that the program can make use of it. You will find that internal tables operate in the same way as structures. The main difference being that structures only have one line, while an internal table can have as many lines as required.

An internal table can be made up of a number of fields, corresponding to the columns of a table, just as in the ABAP dictionary a table was created using a number of fields. Key fields can also be used with internal tables, and while creating these internal tables they offer slightly more flexibility. With internal tables, one can specify a non-unique key, allowing any number of non-unique records to be stored, and allowing duplicate records to be stored if required.

The size of an internal table or the number of lines it contains is not fixed. The size of an internal table changes according to the requirement of the program associated with the internal table. But it is recommended to keep internal tables as small as possible. This is to avoid the system running slowly as it struggles to process enormous amounts of data. They can be defined using any number of other defined structures. The user first creates an internal table, selects the relevant data from customer tables and then places the data in the internal table.

Other users can access and use this internal table directly to retrieve the desired information, instead of writing database queries to perform each operation during the run-time of the program.

The program must be told where the table begins and ends. It will then expand as it is filled with data. It is useful initially to give the field names in internal tables the same names as other fields that have been created elsewhere. The structure of the internal table is now created, and the code can be written to fill it with records. An internal table can be created with or without using a header line.

You can also create an internal table as a local data type a data type used only in the context of the current program by using the TYPES statement. Whenever an internal table object is declared, the size of the table does not belong to the data type of the table. Note: Much less memory is consumed when an internal table is populated for the first time. Step 2: In the initial screen, enter a name for the program, select the Source code radio button and click the Create button to create a new program.

Step 3: In the 'ABAP: Program Attributes' dialog box, enter a short description for the program in the Title field, select the 'Executable program' option from the Type drop-down menu in the Attributes group box. Step 5: Save, activate and execute the program as usual.

The above code produces the following output: The mytable is an Internal Table. When a new line is inserted in an internal table by using the INDEX clause, the index number of the lines after the inserted line is incremented by 1.

Example Following is a sample program that uses the insert statement. The header line component itable1-F1 has been assigned a value of Insert statement inserts the header line as new row into the body before row 3.

The existing row 3 becomes row 4 after the insert. Before each row, Insert statement inserts a new row from the header line of it. Prior to the insert, the F1 component has been changed to contain After each insert statement is executed, the system re-indexes all rows below the one inserted. This introduces overhead when you insert rows near the top of a large internal table. If you need to insert a block of rows into a large internal table, prepare another table with the rows to be inserted and use insert lines instead.

It actually becomes effective on the next loop pass. The sy-tabix is incremented and the next loop processes the row pointed to by sy-tabix. For instance, if you are in the second loop pass and you insert a record before row 3. When endloop is executed, the new row becomes row 3 and the old row 3 becomes row 4 and so on. Sy- tabix is incremented by 1, and the next loop pass processes the newly inserted record.

This statement copies a single line from a work area and inserts it after the last existing line in an internal table. The work area can be either a header line or any other field string with the same structure as a line of an internal table. Appending lines to standard and sorted tables with a non-unique key works regardless of whether the lines with the same key already exist in the table. In other words, duplicate entries may occur. However, a run-time error occurs if the user attempts to add a duplicate entry to a sorted table with a unique key or if the user violates the sort order of a sorted table by appending the lines to it.

It is then the header line that our program works with. The same applies while creating a new record. It is the header line with which you work with and from which the new record is sent to the table body itself. To copy the records, we can use a SELECT statement to select all of the records from the table and then use MOVE statement that will move the records from the original table into the new internal table into the fields where the names correspond. You can accomplish this action with just one line of code.

The above code produces the following output: MARK When making use of this statement, you need to make sure that both fields have matching data types and lengths. It has been done here with the LIKE statement previously. Here the entire line of the internal table is used as a search key.

The search key allows you to find entries in internal tables that do not have a structured line type, that is, where the line is a single field or an internal table type. However, the SAP system copies the entry into the target work area whenever it finds an entry, regardless of the result of the comparison. DO 6 Times. The Record1 work area is populated with 4 and 12 as values for the ColP and ColQ fields respectively. The records of an internal table are deleted either by specifying a table key or condition or by finding duplicate entries.

If an internal table has a non-unique key and contains duplicate entries, the first entry from the table is deleted. The delete operation is performed on the basis of a default key that could be taken from the work area components. The above code produces the following output: 2 6 4 8 5 9 6 10 7 11 8 12 In this example, mytable has two fields, ColP and ColQ.

Initially, mytable is populated with eight lines, where the ColP contains the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The ColQ contains the values 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 because the ColP values are incremented by 4 every time. After deletion, the ColP field of mytable contains the values 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, as shown in the output. The ColQ field contains the values 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and The beauty of OOP lies in its simplicity. The expressiveness of OOP makes it easier to deliver quality software components on time.

As solutions are designed in terms of real-world objects, it becomes much easier for programmers and business analysts to exchange ideas and information about a design that uses a common domain language.

These improvements in communication help to reveal hidden requirements, identify risks, and improve the quality of software being developed. The object-oriented approach focuses on objects that represent abstract or concrete things of the real world.

These objects are defined by their character and properties that are represented by their internal structure and their attributes data. The behavior of these objects is described by methods i.

Programs are organized into Programs can be divided into classes and objects and the Modularization smaller programs known as functionalities are embedded functions. New data and functions can be This is more time consuming added effortlessly as and when Extensibility to modify and extend the required.

This division of labor helps to simplify the overall programming model, allowing each class to specialize in solving a particular piece of the problem at hand.

Such classes have high cohesion and the operations of each class are closely related in some intuitive way. The characteristics or attributes of an object are used to describe the state of an object, and behaviors or methods represent the actions performed by an object.

An object is a pattern or instance of a class. It represents a real-world entity such as a person or a programming entity like variables and constants. For example, accounts and students are examples of real-world entities.

But hardware and software components of a computer are examples of programming entities. The state of an object can be described as a set of attributes and their values. For example, a bank account has a set of attributes such as Account Number, Name, Account Type, Balance, and values of all these attributes.

The behavior of an object refers to the changes that occur in its attributes over a period of time. Each object has a unique identity that can be used to distinguish it from other objects. Two objects may exhibit the same behavior and they may or may not have the same state, but they never have the same identity. Two persons may have the same name, age, and gender but they are not identical.

Similarly, the identity of an object will never change throughout its lifetime. Objects can interact with one another by sending messages. Objects contain data and code to manipulate the data. An object can also be used as a user-defined data type with the help of a class. Objects are also called variables of the type class. After defining a class, you can create any number of objects belonging to that class.

Each object is associated with the data of the type class with which it has been created. Public Section. This is the Display method. The data and functions within a class are called members of the class. Class Definition and Implementation When you define a class, you define a blueprint for a data type.

This doesn't actually define any data, but it does define what the class name means, what an object of the class will consist of, and what operations can be performed on such an object.

That is, it defines the abstract characteristics of an object, such as attributes, fields, and properties. The definition of a class can contain various components of the class such as attributes, methods, and events. When we declare a method in the class declaration, the method implementation must be included in the class implementation. Note: Implementation of a class contains the implementation of all its methods. In ABAP Objects, the structure of a class contains components such as attributes, methods, events, types, and constants.

They are declared in the class declaration. These attributes can be divided into 2 categories: instance and static attributes. An instance attribute defines the instance specific state of an object. The states are different for different objects. An instance attribute is declared by using the DATA statement. Static attributes define a common state of a class that is shared by all the instances of the class.

That is, if you change a static attribute in one object of a class, the change is visible to all other objects of the class as well. Methods A method is a function or procedure that represents the behavior of an object in the class. The methods of the class can access any attribute of the class. The definition of a method can also contain parameters, so that you can supply the values to these parameters when methods are called. The definition of a method is declared in the class declaration and implemented in the implementation part of a class.

Accessing Attributes and Methods Class components can be defined in public, private, or protected visibility sections that control how these components could be accessed.

The private visibility section is used to deny access to components from outside of the class. Such components can only be accessed from inside the class such as a method. Components defined in the public visibility section can be accessed from any context. By default all the members of a class would be private. Practically, we define data in private section and related methods in public section so that they can be called from outside of the class as shown in the following program.

Data: text1 Type char25 Value 'Public Data'. Methods meth1. Data: text2 Type char25 Value 'Protected Data'. Data: text3 Type char25 Value 'Private Data'.

Method meth1. Data: Objectx Type Ref To class1. Create Object: Objectx. All the objects or instances can use the static attribute of the class.

Example Following is a program where we want to print a text with line number 4 to 8 times. After implementing the class and method, we directly access the static attribute in Start-Of-Selection event. Then we just create the instance of the class and call the method. Methods: meth1. Do 4 Times. Create Object: Object1, Object2. The above code produces the following output: Constructors Constructors are special methods that are called automatically, either while creating an object or accessing the components of a class.

Constructor gets triggered whenever an object is created, but we need to call a method to trigger the general method.

In the following example, we have declared two public methods method1 and constructor. While creating an object of the class, the constructor method triggers its operation. Right click and copy the link to share this comment. Wolfgang, Yes. Regards, Velu. Anybody knows how to insert a title at the begining of the pdf file.

Hello, I've installed the Adobe Document Services on my system and I've followed all the steps of the note Can you help me? Pravin Agarwal. Please check below notes. Link Text. Open link in a new tab.